The whitehall study archive collection is a rich and extensive source for investigating the health and wellbeing of male civil servants in the 1960s onwards and the history of prevention of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The street is recognised as the centre of the government of the united kingdom and is lined with numerous departments and ministries, including the ministry of. Whitehall is a road in the city of westminster, central london, which forms the first part of the a3212 road from trafalgar square to chelsea. The whitehall studies the name whitehall originates from the first whitehall study of 18,000 men in the civil service, set up in 1967. The original whitehall study investigated social determinants of health, specifically the cardiorespiratory disease prevalence and mortality rates among british male civil servants between the ages of 20 and 64. The whitehall ii study is the model for occupational cohorts such as those in helsinki and japan, 21 and a plan for a whitehall in washington study is being discussed by the national institutes of health. A cohort of 10,308 participants aged 3555, of whom 3,4 were women and 6,895 men, was recruited from the british civil service in 1985. Dietary intake was measured using a 127item food frequency questionnaire.
Change in health inequalities among british civil servants. Sitting behaviour is not associated with incident diabetes. Between 1985 and 1988 we investigated the degree and causes of the social gradient in morbidity in a new cohort of 10 314 civil servants 6900 men, 3414 women aged 3555 the whitehall ii study. Study objectiveto test the hypothesis that the association between socioeco nomic status and mortality rates cuts across the major causes of death. The whitehall ii study is an ongoing cohort study of men and women originally employed by the british civil service in london based offices. This cohort of civil servants has been followed up since then with repeated phases of data collection every 23 years. The whitehall i study assessed the association between socioeconomic status and allcause mortality and focused on british civil servants.
Abstract a second phase, the whitehall ii study, examined the health of 10,308 civil servants aged 35 to 55, of whom two thirds were men and one third women, all of whom were employed in the london offices of the british civil service at the time they were recruited to the study in 1985. The proposals can be approved fully, or approved pending further information or. The whitehall ii study was established to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status, stress and cardiovascular disease. So because whitehall 1 showed this, the existence of this gradient, and that wasnt what they were expected to find, then whitehall 2, which was the follow up study, which started in the 1980s, really wanted to investigate the social gradient further, and so asked a lot more questions about. Bestcare healthcare and ligature patients, not prisoners. Due to the increasing risk of infection with covid19 corona virus we are temporarily halting the stress and health study clinics, from monday 16th march until, provisionally, monday 20th april.
In this study, the first of two whitehall studies, michael marmot, professor of epidemiology and public health and head of the international centre for health and society at university college in. The whitehall studies investigated social determinants of health, specifically the cardiovascular. Health inequalities british civil the whitehall ii study. The initial prospective cohort study, the whitehall i study, examined over 17,500 male civil servants between the ages of 20 and 64, and was conducted over a period of ten years, beginning in 1967. The whitehall ii study find, read and cite all the research you need on. Prospective cohort study with a baseline examination of working hours, psychological morbidity an indicator of baseline depression and depression risk factors in 19911993 and a followup of major depressive episode in 19971999 mean followup 5. A longterm followup of study subjects from the first two phases is ongoing. The whitehall study of british civil servants begun in. George davey smith, martin j shipley, geoffrey rose. The whitehall ii study of british civil servants was set up with the explicit purpose of testing hypotheses as to the causes of the social gradient in cardiovascular. Temporary suspension of stress and health study whitehall ii clinics. Main topicssubject category cardiorespiratory disease prevalence, social determinants, mortality rates, smoking, car ownership, leisure, diabetes variables. Prospective study of social and other risk factors for.
Effects of chronic job insecurity and change in job. History of whitehall study university college london. The target population for the whitehall ii study is all londonbased office staff working in 20 civil service departments during recruitment in 19851988. Based on evidence from prior studies, the whitehall i investigators examined associations between social class and allcause mortality. The whitehall ii cohort was established in 1985 among 10 308 67% men british civil servants. Objectivethe aim of this study was to identify a dietary pattern associated with insulin resistance and investigate whether this pattern was prospectively associated with type 2 diabetes research design and methodsanalysis was based on 7,339 participants of the whitehall ii study. Sugar intake from sweet food and beverages, common mental. Whitehall study ii health economics research centre herc. Between 1985 and 1988 we investigated the degree and causes of. The target population for the whitehall ii study was all londonbased office staff aged 35 to 55 years working in 20 civil service departments in 1985. Effects of chronic job insecurity and change in job security on self reported health, minor psychiatric morbidity, physiological measures, and health related behaviours in british civil. The whitehall studies investigated social determinants of health, specifically the cardiovascular disease prevalence and mortality rates among british civil servants. It is the main thoroughfare running south from trafalgar square towards parliament square.
In the whitehall study, 18,388 subjects aged 4064 years completed a questionnaire on intermittent claudication. Importantly, while whitehall i studied only male civil servants. The first whitehall study of british civil servants, begun in 1967, demonstrated a steep inverse association between socioeconomic position, assessed by grade of employment, and mortality after 10 years of follow up. Whitehall study health economics research centre herc. A neighbourhood walkability index for london was constructed, comprising factors associated with. Whitehall ii, conducted between 1985 and 1988, collected data primarily via surveys and questionnaires. The initial study, the whitehall i study, was conducted over a period of ten years, beginning in 1967. The wellcome trustfunded cohorts in novosibirsk, krakow, and prague are populationbased and are using many common protocols to study. Pdf on may 1, 2005, michael marmot and others published cohort profile. To be included in the study, participants must have completed cognitive testing at.
Choose from different sets of whitehall study flashcards on quizlet. The whitehall ii study was established in 1985 to examine the biological mechanisms that account for observed social inequalities in cardiovascular disease cvd and diabetes. Study design the current study used a prospective cohort design using data from phase 3 cognitive baseline and phase 5 cognitive followup examinations of the whitehall ii study to analyse the effect of retirement on cognitive performance. Learn whitehall study with free interactive flashcards.
The whitehall ii study has shown evidence that the way work is organised, the work climate, social influences outside work, influences from early life, in addition to the health behaviours listed above all contribute to the social gradient in health. Professor michael marmot department of epidemiology and public health university college london 119 torrington place london. Work environment, alcohol and illhealth the whitehall ii study hse. A virtually complete 10 year mortality follow up was therefore available for the. Whitehall high school is committed to improved student learning and increased achievement for all students. Background social inequalities in the incidence of type 2 diabetes and the relation of health behaviors and psychosocial factors to the incidence of type 2 diabetes are not well established. This study, known as whitehall ii, collected longitudinal data on over 10,000 whitecollar civil servants, beginning in 1985. These lead to the uncomfortable for some finding that. Since baseline, followup clinical examinations have taken place about every four or five years, with each wave taking two years to. The whitehall study ii consists of nonindustrial civil servants, who were recruited in london at age 35 to 55 years during 19851988 phase 1. Particularly important to whitehall ii is the effect of psychosocial factors, such as stress and social support, on disease outcome. Phases of thewhitehall ii study phase dates type participants 1 19851988 screening questionnaire 10,308 2 19891990 questionnaire 8,2 3 19911993 screening questionnaire 8,815 4 19951996 questionnaire 8,628 5 19971999 screening questionnaire 7,870 6 2001 questionnaire 7,355. The initial prospective cohort study, the whitehall i study, examined over 18,000 male civil servants, and was conducted over a period of ten years, beginning in 1967.
Whitehall ii, a study of 10,314 british civil servants aged 3555 published in the lancet in 1991, represents this attempt. Subjects andmethods in the whitehall study 18403 male civil servants aged 40 to 64 were examined between 1967 and 1969 and their records tagged at the central registry of the national health service. The initial study, the whitehall i study, examined over 18,000 male civil servants, and was conducted over a period of ten years, beginning in 1967. Magnitude and causes whitehall study journal of epidemiology. With a response rate of 73%, the final cohort consisted of 10,308 participants. The objective of this study was to develop a walkability index for london and test the index using walking data from the whitehall ii study. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode. A second phase, the whitehall ii study, examined the health of 10,308 civil servants aged 35 to 55, of whom two thirds were men and one third women. The whitehall study of british civil servants begun in 1967, showed a steep inverse association between social class, as assessed by grade of employment, and mortality from a wide range of diseases.
Development of a novel walkability index for london. The first whitehall study showed that men in the lowest employment grades were much more likely. This research has been carried out in the longitudinal whitehall ii study of 10308 male and female civil servants, aged 3555 years on entry to the study in 1985. Importantly, while whitehall i studied only male civil servants, whitehall ii also included women.